Most people do not need dietary supplements
According to Hans Hauner, a nutrition specialist at TUM's Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, nationwide dietary surveys in Germany show that only a small number of population groups are affected by nutrient deficiencies. Large-scale studies have found that antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene provide no benefit for heart health, and some supplements like omega-3 or fish oil may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation, while excessive vitamin E intake can raise the risk of heart failure. Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation is an exception and may be beneficial for people following vegan or vegetarian diets when blood tests indicate low levels. Hauner states that most people can obtain adequate amounts of necessary nutrients through a varied and health-promoting diet without the need for supplements.
